Lubricant and process of making same



Patented Jan. 21, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE A LUBRICANT AND rnocsss OF MAKING sun-2 Mathias Pier, Heidelberg, and Friedrich Christmann, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany, assignors to I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany No Drawing. Application June 28, 1933, Serial 3 Claims;

' by voltolization, i. e. by treatment with silent electric discharges.

According to a specific embodiment of the invention described and claimed in the said appli cation the said substances obtained by voltolization are very useful when added to lubricants in conjunction with other additional agents. Thus lubricants containing hard or soft paraflin wax. especially lubricating oils, gear oils, lubricating greases and gear greases are much improved by adding thereto small amounts of high molecular hydrocarbons which, even in small amounts, increase the viscosity and also such voltolization products as are capable of lowering the setting point.

tages obtained by adding to the said lubricants containing hard or soft paraffin wax, in particular to hydrocarbon oils boiling above 325 C. and containing hard or soft paraflin wax, small amounts of high molecular hydrocarbonswhich,

even in small amounts, are capableof increasing the viscosity and also voltolization products capable of lowering the setting point, are not restricted to the said voltolization products, but that instead of these voltolization products also other substances capable of lowering the setting point can be added with like advantage in conjunction with products capable of increasing the viscosity to the said oils containing hardnor softparaflin wax.

As products capable of lowering the setting point mainly come into question, besides the said voltolization products, the substances obtainable by condensation of high molecular hydrocarbons 45 'rich in hydrogen; in particular hard or soft paraflin wax or substances containing the same, such as petrolatum or of parafiins having a molecular weight of more than 350, preferably in'the'presence of cyclic hydrocarbons, as described in our 50 copending application Ser. No. 480,284, filed September 6th, 1930 or by condensation of oxygen derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons or high molecular weight as described in our copending application Ser. No. 666,542, filed April 17th, 55 1933. g The additions exerting efiects in the dif- We have now found that the aforesaid advan-Z In Germany July 1, 1932 ferent directions, namely increase in the viscosity and lowering of the setting point, are not mu-' tually injurious and in most cases the setting point, which is not influenced or only slightly influenced by the additions increasing the viscosity when added alone, is still further improved and the viscosity index favorably influenced. These efiect's are astonishing, since if substances lowering the setting point are added in like amounts to difl'erent oils having different viscosities, the setting point is lowered the less the more viscous is the oil to be improved. This reduction in the effect of loweringthe setting point is not observed with oils, the viscosity of which has been increased by the. addition of substances having this particular effect.

As oils containing paraflin wax which are to be improved according to the present invention may be mentioned especially those-which have a high flashpoint, as for example Mid-Continent oils, Pennsylvanian oils, lubricating oils stiil containing hard or soft paraffin wax obtained by destructive hydrogenation, or oils containing paraflin wax which have been treated with liquefied hydrocarbons which are gaseous at room temperature, with phenols, with sulphur dioxide or with other solvents or extraction agents.

In order to increase the viscosity and improve the temperature-viscosity curve, hydrocarbons having a molecular weight of more than 1000, preferably of more than 2000, are added to-the said oils, these should have the property of exerting'a' favorable effect inthis direction even when added in small amounts.

Substances suitable for this purpose are for example the hydrocarbons having a high molecular weight, of more more than 2000, which are selected from the .polymerization*productsaof unsaturated hydrocarbons capable of forming polymeric homologous series, and the products obtainable there-' from by hydrogenation, by isomerization, or by isomerization and hydrogenation, preferably those which on heating up to 200 C. for 5 minutes do not undergo appreciable decomposition, such as hydrogenated rubber or hydrogenated polymerization products of dioleflnes, in particular butadiene, or cyclo rubber, or hydrogenated resins soluble in high-boiling oils, or polymerized sty-.

rene, or hydrogenated polymerized styrene, or

products of olefines, such as isobutylene, preferably those which are prepared at low temperatures, if desired in the presence of volatile halides, or hydrogenated balata or gutta percha, or celluthan 1000, preferably of I polymerized indene or oil-soluble polymerization lose derivatives, as for example cellulose laurate, and their hydrogenation products. These substances are added tothe oils in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 per cent, preferably of from 1 to 5 per cent. 1

The substances lowering the setting point are added in a small amount,'as for example from 0.5 to per cent.

In the aforedescribed manner oils can be obtained which have a low setting "point and a viscosity index lying far above 100. Lubricating oils treated in the said manner may, by reason of their fiattemperature-viscosity curves and their good mobility at low temperatures, be employed both,

in summer and in winter.

The following example will further illustrate the nature of this invention but the invention is not restricted to this example.

, Example 1 per cent of a hydrogenated rubber and 1 per' cent of a substance capable of lowering the setting point and prepared as described in Example 1 of the application Ser. No. 480,284 are added to a machine oil-containing paraflin wax derived from German petroleum by distillation and having a viscosity index of 70, a viscosity of 1.8" Engler at 100 C. and a setting point of 3 C. The resulting mixture has a viscosity index of 107, a viscosity'oi 2.4 Engler at 100 C. and a setting point of below zero centigrade.

If, instead of the hydrogenated rubber", per cent of a natural or synthetic cylinder oil having a viscosity of from 8 to 10 Engler at 100 C.-' and a setting point of from 5 to 8 below zero centigrade, be added, the resulting'mixture has the same viscosity, a viscosity index of about 100 and a setting point of only 17 below zero centigrade. I

If instead of the said substance lowering the setting point 1 per cent of a volatilization product is added which is prepared as described in Example 1 or the said application Ser. No. 651,802 the same results are obtained. If 2 per cent or aluminium stearate is added as substance lowering the setting point the. setting point oi the said machine oil is reduced to 10 below zero centigrade in the case of theaddition of 1 per cent of hydrogenated rubber and to 6: below zero centigrade when replacing. the hydrogenated rubber by the aforesaid 30 per cent of natural or synthetic cylinder oil. Y

What we claim is:'- r .1. A valuable hydrocarbon mixture essentially consisting'of a lubricant containing paraflin wax and containing a small amount of a drocarbon product having a mean molecular weight of at least 1000 and being capable of increasing the viscosity and flattening the temperature viscosity curve of hydrocarbon oils and being selected from the group consisting of the polymerization products of unsaturated hydrocarbons capable of forming polymeric, homologousseries,theproducts obtainable therefrom by hydrogenation, isomerization or isomerization and hydrogenation, hydrogenated rubber, hydrogenated resins soluble in high boiling oils, hydrogenated balata and hydrogenated gutta percha and a small amount of a substance different from the viscosity regulator capable of lowering'the setting point of hydrocarbon oils and selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight volatiiization products of waxy hydrocarbons rich in hydrogen, condensation products of parafinic hydrocarbons having a high molecular weight, both per strand in conjunction with cyclic hydrocarbons, and condensation products of high molecular weight aliphatic oxygen-containing compounds.

2. A valuable lubricant essentially consisting of a lubricating oil containing paraflin wax and containing a small amount of a hydrocarbon product having a mean molecular weight of at least 1000 and being capable of increasing the viscosity and flattening the temperature viscosity curve of hydrocarbon oils and being selected from the group consisting of the polymerization products of unsaturated hydrocarbons capable of Iorming polymeric homologous series, the products'obtain- Iii able therefrom by hydrogenation, isomerization or isomerization and hydrogenation, hydrogenated rubber, hydrogenated resins soluble in high boiling oils, hydrogenated balata and hydrogenated' gutta percha'and a small amount 01' a substance diflerent from the viscosity regulator capable of lowering the setting point of hydrocarbon oils'and selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight volatilization products of waxy hydrocarbons rich in hydrogen, condensation products of paraflinic hydrocarbons having a high molecular weight, both per se and in conjunction with cyclic hydrocarbons, and condensation products of high molecular weight aliphatic oxygen-containing compounds.

3. A lubricant according to the preceding claim in which the amount of each or the viscosity in; creasing. and setting point lowering substances is from .5 to 10% of the lubricating oil.

MATHIAS PIER. FRIEDRICH CHRISTMANN.

CERTiFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,028, 19., I 1 January 21, 1956. I

MATHIAS PIER, ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, second column lines 17 and L 2, claims 1 and 2 respectively, for "vo1atilization" read voltolizatio'n, and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the. case in the Patent Office 'sigied and sealed this 25th day of January, A. D. 195

. Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

